Abstract
The metabolites that provide the aroma and flavor to wine are the products of several influences, such as grape cultivar, geographic location and associated environmental features, viticultural practices, and vinification techniques, which are central to production protocols, quality evaluation and development of wine regions. Accordingly, we initiated the requisite studies to investigate the differences in the dry red wine metabolites of different grape varieties. The proton-nuclear magnetic resonance technique (1H-NMR) combined with multivariate statistical analysis was used to investigate the changes of metabolite levels in Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Cabernet Gernischt dry red wines vinified in Changli, Hebei province, China, in 2017. The results showed that the types of metabolites in different varieties of dry red wines were similar, but the content was significantly different. The main contributors to the differences in Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Cabernet Gernischt dry red wines were ethyl acetate, lactic acid, alanine, succinic acid, proline, malic acid, and gallic acid, indicating 1H-NMR method combined with multivariate statistical analysis can distinguish these three types of dry red wines from each other. It provides a benchmark for further comparative study on wine quality and the verification of wine authenticity.
Highlights
Dry red wine is a kind of natural alcoholic beverage with health care function
This study investigated the differences of metabolites in different varieties of dry red wine based on Proton-nuclear magnetic resonance technique (1H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)) metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis methods, provided an effective and feasible method for the identification of dry red wine varieties, and offered reasonable advice for consumers to choose suitable dry red wines
These metabolites represented the overall metabolome of wine, indicating that 1H-NMR can analyze these metabolites synchronously with high throughput [18]
Summary
Dry red wine is a kind of natural alcoholic beverage with health care function. Changli is one of the important wine grape producing areas in China, with superior geographical location, unique geomorphological features, good soil and meteorological ecological conditions. Changli is located at 39° 24′–40° 37′ north latitude, which is the same latitude as Bordeaux, France. The unique geographical characteristics of bordering the Bohai Sea in the East and Yanshan Mountain in the North have created Changli production area. It is necessary to study the metabolites of dry red wine in Changli region. Considering consumers’ pursuit of wine quality and safety, it is significant to find a convenient and fast way to identify different kinds of dry red wines, which provides a certain reference for consumers to choose dry red wine
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