Quality Evaluation of an Ohmically Cooked Ham Product

Abstract

Selected parameters (cooking loss, instrumental colour and texture and sensory quality) of a brine-injected pork muscle cooked by a novel and rapid ohmic cooking protocol were examined and compared with those obtained in conventionally cooked samples. Ohmic samples were cooked using either a low-temperature long-time (LTLT) protocol (2 min equilibration, 5 min ohmic heating to 70 °C, 8 min holding) or a high-temperature short-time (HTST) procedure (2 min equilibration, 6 min ohmic heating to 95 °C) performed within a hot air cabinet set at 80 °C (LTLT) and 100 °C (HTST). Conventional cooking (steam oven at 80 °C for 120 min) was conducted to a core temperature of 70 °C. The LTLT treatment gave a much lower cooking loss value (4–5% lower, p < 0.05) than the other treatments, though the full magnitude of this difference was not completely reflected in the proximate composition of the cooked products. Ohmically cooked ham showed a significantly (p < 0.05) lighter surface colour with Hunter L values of 65.3 (LTLT) and 63.5 (HTST) relative to the control (61.4). Texture profile analysis (TPA) indicated a significant difference (p < 0.05) in hardness (N) especially between the HTST surface (82.1 N) and the conventional centre (58.8 N). Although the ohmic cooking protocols yielded products with quite acceptable eating qualities, sensory evaluation found the overall quality of the conventionally cooked ham to be significantly (p < 0.05) superior, indicating that further optimisation of the ohmic cooking protocols would be required prior to any commercial adoption.