Abstract
Abstract. The term “3D building models” is used in relation to the CityGML models and building information modelling. Reconstruction and modelling of 3D building objects in urban areas becomes a common trend and finds a wide spectrum of utilitarian applications. The paper presents the quality assessment of two multifaceted 3D building models, which were obtained from two open-access databases: Polish national Geoportal (accuracy in LOD 2 standard) and Trimble SketchUp Warehouse (accuracy in LOD 2 standard with information about architectural details of façades). The Geoportal 3D models were primary created based on the airborne laser scanning data (density 12 pts/sq. m, elevation accuracy to 0.10 m) collected during Informatic System for Country Protection against extraordinary hazards project. The testing was performed using different validation low-altitude photogrammetric datasets: RIEGL LMS-Q680i airborne laser scanning point cloud (min. density 25 pts/sq. m and height accuracy 0.03 m), and image-based Phase One iXU-RS 1000 point cloud (average accuracy in the horizontal and in the vertical plane is respectively to 0.015 m and 0.030 m). The visual comparison, heat maps with the function of the signed distance, and histograms in predefined ranges were used to evaluate the quality and accuracy of 3D building models. The aspect of error sources that occurred during the modelling process was also discussed.
Highlights
The photogrammetric 3D modelling and reconstruction of scenes and objects in a varied spectrum of applications are currently performed based on laser scanning (Oude Elberink and Vosselman, 2011; Rutzinger et al, 2009; Pilarska et al, 2017; Li et al, 2019) or image data (Remondino et al, 2011; Remondino et al, 2014; Dahlke et al, 2015; Gabara and Sawicki, 2019a)
Most researchers have focused on testing many simple 3D models of buildings using the same LiDAR point cloud which was used for 3D reconstruction and modelling while this study aims to evaluate the accuracy of multifaceted 3D models of buildings using different validation datasets and to focus on the error sources that occurred during the modelling process
The test objects were obtained from two open-access databases: Polish national Geoportal and Trimble SketchUp Warehouse
Summary
The photogrammetric 3D modelling and reconstruction of scenes and objects in a varied spectrum of applications are currently performed based on laser scanning (Oude Elberink and Vosselman, 2011; Rutzinger et al, 2009; Pilarska et al, 2017; Li et al, 2019) or image data (Remondino et al, 2011; Remondino et al, 2014; Dahlke et al, 2015; Gabara and Sawicki, 2019a). They are feeding national and private databases and geoportals Every day, they are used for property visualization, urban analysis (Batty et al, 2000), urban design (Zhang and Zhu, 2004), real-time disaster management (Rezaeian and Gruen, 2011), solar potential estimation (Zhang et al, 2015) or are being a part of building information modelling (BIM) and augmented reality (AR) (Wang et al, 2013, Biljecki et al, 2015). They have been a focus of attention for national mapping agencies and city authorities, which are usually involved in projects and campaigns for possessing
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