Abstract
AbstractDigital elevation models (DEMs) play a significant role in geomorphological research. For geomorphologists reconstructing landform and drainage structure is frequently as important as elevation accuracy. Consequently, large-scale topographic maps (with contours, height points and watercourses) constitute excellent material for creating models (here called Topo-DEM) in fine resolution. The purpose of the conducted analyses was to assess the quality of Topo-DEM against freely-available global DEMs and then to compare it with a reference model derived from laser scanning (LiDAR-DEM). The analysis also involved derivative maps of geomorphometric parameters (local relief, slope, curvature, aspect) generated on the basis of Topo-DEM and LiDAR-DEM. Moreover, comparative classification of landforms was carried out. It was indicated that Topo-DEM is characterised by good elevation accuracy (RMSE <2 m) and reflects the topography of the analyzed area surprisingly well. Additionally, statistical and percentage metrics confirm that it is possible to generate a DEM with very good quality parameters on the basis of a large-scale topographic map (1:10,000): elevation differences between Topo-DEM and: 1) topographic map amounted from−1.68 to +2.06 m,MAEis 0.10 m, RMSE 0.16 m; 2) LiDAR-DEM (MAE 1.13 m, RMSE 1.69 m, SD 1.83 m); 3) GPS RTK measurements amounted from−3.6 to +3.01 m, MAE is 0.72 m, RMSE 0.97 m, SD 0.97 m. For an area of several dozen km2Topo-DEM with 10×10 m resolution proved more efficient than detailed (1×1 m) LiDAR-DEM.
Highlights
Digital elevation models (DEMs) play a signifi- Nowadays digital elevation models (DEMs) are commonly cant role in geomorphological research
One can conized) image is much better and easier to understand be- clude that Topo-DEM is a very good simplification of LiDAR-DEM for landform classification analysary details
DAR), it is important for studies of the areas heavily transformed by man; – Topo-DEM can be used as reliable data to re
Summary
Abstract: Digital elevation models (DEMs) play a signifi- Nowadays digital elevation models (DEMs) are commonly cant role in geomorphological research. The main goal of this study was to carry out investigations into the quality assessment of DEM derived from topographic maps data ( called Topo-DEM) for geomorphometric purposes These analyses consisted of the presentation of freely-available DEMs and checking their vertical accuracy. Proper quality assessment took place through comparing the accuracy of Topo-DEM with reference to DEM derived from laser scanning (LiDAR-DEM) To achieve this goal it was decided to answer the questions: What is the vertical accuracy of DEM based on digitized topographic maps (1:10,000) and freely-available DEMs: The study area is located in southern Poland, in the Silesian-Cracow Upland, which belongs to the strip of Polish Uplands [35]. This information is used to checking hydrogeomorphic properties and to verify accuracy of the output
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