Abstract
Chittagong is the second most populated city in Bangladesh where drinking water is supplied using small jar. Water quality is an important concern for the consumers and, therefore, the present study was done by collecting 38 drinking jar water samples from Chittagong City, Bangladesh to determine the microbial contamination and physiochemical properties. Molecular study was done by the PCR amplification of 16SrDNA, LacZ and uidA gene for the identification of bacteria, coliform and fecal coliform. TVC, MPN and different biochemical test were done for enumeration and identification. TDS, pH, and metals (Fe, As, Pb and Cr) concentration were also measured. No heavy metal (As, Pb and Cr) was found in any of the water samples but Fe was detected in low concentrations (0.02–0.05 mg/l). TDS and pH level were normal in all samples. But microbial contaminations were (60.53 and 50%) recorded in molecular and biochemical test, respectively. The range of total bacterial count was (1.5 × 102–1.6 × 104) cfu/ml. The total coliform count (TCCm) was recorded (14–40) in 100 ml of water samples. The presence of total coliform and fecal coliform was 26.32 and 18.42%, respectively, in PCR analysis but in biochemical test those were 18.42 and 15.78%, respectively. A total of 11 bacterial species: Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherrichia coli, Aeromonas, Bacillus sp., Cardiobacterium, Corynebacterium, Clostridium, Klebsiella sp., Lactobacillus, Micrococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp. were found. This study indicates that some of the drinking jar water samples were of poor quality which may increase the risk of water-borne disease. Hence, the producer of drinking jar water has to implement necessary quality control steps.
Highlights
Of safe drinking water can improve people health, improve their productivity and livelihoods
Supplied drinking water of 38 brands was analyzed for quality assessment
PCR analysis of LacZ gene for coliform and uidA gene for total coliform resulted in 10 (26.32%) positive for faecal coliform and 7(18.42%) positive for only fecal coliform (Table 3, Fig. 2)
Summary
Of safe drinking water can improve people health, improve their productivity and livelihoods. Sustainable development and poverty reduction can be achieved by the availability and accessibility of clean fresh water (Tekpor et al 2017).In Bangladesh filtered commercially supplied drinking jar water is distributed on restaurants, cafeteria, medical, school, diagnostic center, residential areas and almost in all industries and offices as pure water. It is consumed by the majority of the population in Chittagong City, Bangladesh. Ten major water-borne diseases are accountable for over 28 billion disease episodes annually in developing countries, where diarrheal diseases are the big killers especially in infants and diarrheal disease is highly endemic (Clasen et al 2007)
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