Quality Assessment of a Traditional Makeup Foundation Sbdaj in Kurdistan-Iraq

Abstract

The use of Sbdaj, the ancient and traditional mineral foundation, is a popular practice in Kurdistan Region Iraq. The research work is confined to a comparative analysis of traditional foundations (Sbdaj) and modern foundations (Vichy). The analytical tests were performed for heavy metals and major contents using X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma spectra after sample preparation in two different ways. Also, the UV spectrum and FT-IR spectroscopy of the Sbdaj foundation and Vechi Sunscreen have been taken. The revealed peaks of Infrared absorption of Sbdaj foundation are (3378; 2960; 2854; 1637; 1261; 1092; 1054; 799; 657) cm-1, which allowed identifying the stretching band of (hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, silica group, ester ) respectively, while obtained IR spectra for Vichy foundation (3392; 2959; 2856; 1639; 1409; 1261; 1044; 843; 673) cm-1 that identify the stretching and bending of (hydroxy, methyl, ester, methyl, silica, ether) respectively, that returns to the ingredients used in these foundations. The Contents of major (SiO2, Al2O3) and trace elements (Pb, W, Nd, I, Sn, Cu, Ni, and Cl) were able to be determined by (XRF). (ICP-OES) used for identifying the presence of )Pb, Sb, Cd, Sr, Se, As, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr, V, and Ti(. The overall mean concentrations of heavy metals in Sbdaj varied between (0.194 to 62235.18 ppm). 0.194 ppm for Cd and 62235.18 ppmfor Pb. The levels found in Sbdaj are more than the suggested safe limit for skin protection. The UV- absorption spectrum shows that Sbdaj contains blocking components that absorb UV radiations. It exhibits the same absorption band (318 nm) as the Vichy Sunblock.