Quality assessment and antibacterial properties of a commercial clove sample and copper sulphate as ingredients of an herbal mouth wash

Patricia O Odumosu,Victoria A Okwori,Grace O Chris-Otubor

doi:10.30574/gscbps.2019.9.1.0178

Patricia O Odumosu, Victoria A Okwori + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2019.9.1.0178

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Abstract

Clove buds obtained from flower buds of (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merril et L. M. Perry (Eugenia caryophyllus C. Spreng. Bull et Harr) have been used in traditional medicine for a variety of ailments, as food spice and in aromatherapy. Some of the pharmacological properties have been reported as anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. The main constituent of clove is eugenol which has been reported and confirmed to have antibacterial action. The oil from the commercial clove sample was extracted using a Clevenger apparatus and assessed by gas chromatography for the content of eugenol in comparison to a standard clove oil. In addition, the TLC fingerprint, physicochemical and antibacterial properties were determined by standard methods to authenticate and establish the quality of the clove prior to use in the herbal mouthwash formulation. The sample clove oil exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values of <0.02 – 0.312 mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of 0.156 – 0.312 mg/ml against selected gram positive and negative organisms. MIC and MBC values for Copper sulphate were in the range of <0.02 – 0.156 and 0.156 - 0.312 mg/ml respectively. The sample clove oil with 15% yield was determined to have 71.7% purity in comparison to the standard clove oil. The evaluation of the clove buds, oil and copper sulphate showed that it conformed to specifications and has potential for use in the mouthwash formulation.

Highlights

Clove is the dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry
Clove buds obtained from flower buds of (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merril et L
The TLC fingerprint, physicochemical and antibacterial properties were determined by standard methods to authenticate and establish the quality of the clove prior to use in the herbal mouthwash formulation

Summary

Introduction

Clove is the dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry. Family Myrtaceae. The properties of pharmacological importance include antibacterial, antifungal; antiinflammatory, insecticidal and antioxidant which have been proven to be active because of high content of eugenol [2]. Other constituents such as the flavones, kaempferol and myricetin have demonstrated potent growth-inhibitory activity against the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia [2]. The herbal formulation containing dried flower buds of clove and copper sulphate as main ingredients is an indigenous formulation used for ethnomedicinal treatment of black tongue and other mouth infections in Nigeria [4]. Physicochemical evaluation and antibacterial studies were conducted to obtain other quality parameters and to determine the inhibitory properties against selected bacteria

Chromatography

Gas chromatographic conditions Gas chromatograph

Antibacterial activity determination

Results and discussion

Conclusion

Disclosure of conflict of interest