Abstract
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is one of the best characterized and most evolutionarily conserved cellular quality control mechanisms. Although NMD was first found totarget one-third of mutated, disease-causing mRNAs, it is now known to also target ~10% ofunmutated mammalian mRNAs to facilitate appropriate cellular responses - adaptation, differentiation or death - to environmental changes. Mutations in NMD genes in humans are associated with intellectual disability and cancer. In this Review, we discuss how NMD serves multiple purposes in human cells by degrading both mutated mRNAs to protect the integrity ofthe transcriptome and normal mRNAs to control the quantities of unmutated transcripts.
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