Quality and Grain Yield Attributes of Rwandan Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars Grown in a Biotron Applying Two NPK Levels

Alphonsine Mukamuhirwa,Obedi Nyamangyoku,Eva Johansson,Rodomiro Ortiz,Helena Persson Hovmalm

doi:10.1155/2018/5134569

Alphonsine Mukamuhirwa, Obedi Nyamangyoku + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5134569

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Abstract

High-yielding rice cultivars with good processing quality and rich in nutrition suitable to a changing climate are of particular importance for future rice-based food production. Here, seven Rwandan rice cultivars were grown in a climate chamber of the biotron facility at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, to be evaluated for their grain yield, nutritional composition, and dough mixing properties. Two different levels of inorganic fertilizer were applied weekly from the seedling stage until flowering. Significant differences for grain yield and quality attributes were found between cultivars. Jyambere showed significantly the highest yield while Ingwizabukungu, Nemeyubutaka, and Jyambere were high in mineral elements content. Ndamirabahinzi and Mpembuke had the highest levels of TPC and TAC. Generally, the lower fertilizer dose resulted in a better performance of the cultivars for both yield and quality attributes. Significantly higher content of Fe, Ca, and Ba was found in grains from the moderate fertilizer dose, whereas K, Na, P, S, Zn, Cd, and Pb increased in grains from the higher fertilizer dose. The cultivar Ndamirabahinzi showed less variability of evaluated characters across fertilizer doses. The results from this study may be used for rice breeding of cultivars with high yield and good grain quality.

Highlights

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one among the leading cereal staple foods together with wheat and maize [1]
Signi cantly higher content of Fe, Ca, and Ba was found in grains from the moderate fertilizer dose, whereas K, Na, P, S, Zn, Cd, and Pb increased in grains from the higher fertilizer dose. e cultivar Ndamirabahinzi showed less variability of evaluated characters across fertilizer doses. e results from this study may be used for rice breeding of cultivars with high yield and good grain quality
Production characteristics for the seven rice cultivars used in this study, obtained from the College of Agriculture, Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine of the University of Rwanda, are presented in Table 1. e rice cultivars have been released by the Agricultural Research Institute of Rwanda (ISAR), known as the Rwanda Agricultural Board (RAB). e cultivar Zong geng commonly called “Kigoli” was introduced from China in the 1960s [31], while Intsindagirabigega was introduced in 2002 from WARDA and released in 2004. e remaining cultivars were released in 2010. e cultivars were selected because they were the most cultivated in Rwanda and their medium water requirements were as described by ISAR [32]

Summary

Introduction

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one among the leading cereal staple foods together with wheat and maize [1]. Four traits are recognised as the most important for rice quality: grain appearance, milling properties, eating and cooking qualities (ECQs), and nutritional composition [4]. The storage protein content and composition determine the our quality and its dough mixing properties, for example, the dough development time, peak time, peak height, and loaf volume [10,11,12]. Phytochemical compounds such as phenolic acids, avonoids, and tannins are potential antioxidants. Physical appearance and ECQs, both contributing to the commercial value of the product through consumer evaluations, have received a higher attention as compared to other quality traits [16]

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