Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative research are opposite concepts. Qualitative research involves a plethora of methods, such as case studies, studies in a natural setting, (ziran tanjiu), site research, field research, local gazette study of ethnology, and study of annotations. Qualitative researchers for the most part use participant observation and in-depth interviews to enter the world of the subjects, systematically record what they see and hear, and then analyze what they have recorded and supplement it with other materials, such as school memoranda, records, school journals, photographs and other artifacts. It is a flexible research method (Ou Yongsheng, 1989). It differs from quantitative research, which depends on quantification and the measurement, calculation, and analysis of relationships to attain an understanding of the "essence" of things. Qualitative research attains an overall understanding of the "quality" of a matter through in-depth, detailed, and long-term observation and experience gained through interaction with the subjects. Quantitative research adopts an experimental research design, whereas qualitative research emphasizes the collection of first-hand materials in natural settings.
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