Abstract
Objectives: The current study aimed at the qualitative phytochemical screening, lipoidal matter investigation and proximate analysis of Codiaeum variegatum cv. Gold Dust (family Euphorbiaceae) leaves and stems for the first time.Methods:Phytochemical screening was accomplished using the standard adopted procedures as per constituent. Saponifiable and unsaponifiable components were analyzed using gas liquid chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector (GLC/FID). Finally, the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) standard procedures were applied for the proximate analysis of crude fiber, fat, moisture and ash contents. Results: The qualitative phytochemical screeningrevealed the presence of flavonoids in all tested fractions, while anthraquinones and coumarins were completely absent. In addition, the residue was dedicated for the presence of various secondary metabolite classes as; alkaloids and/or nitrogenous bases, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, saponins, and tannins. On the other hand, dichloromethane soluble fraction demonstrated the presence of terpenes and/or sterols which were quantitively identified using gas chromatography (GC) analysis. The GLC of lipoidal matter tentatively revealed the identification of 9-octadecenoic (oleic acid) as the major unsaturated fatty acid (27.90%), while the hexadecanoic (palmitic acid, 18.68%) was pointed out as the most abundant, saturated one. Furthermore, n-hexacosane(16.45%), β-sitosterol (1.40%), and α-amyrin (1.90%) represented the most, identified saturated hydrocarbons, sterols, and triterpenes, respectively. Finally, the proximate analysis was denoted by the high crude fiber content (21.70 %), moderate ash value (14.91%) and moisture (10.77%), while the fat contents was relatively low (1.00%). Conclusion: From the eventual findings it could be concluded that Codiaeum variegatum cv. Gold Dust leaves and stems are valuable source of a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites, crude fibers, unsaturated fatty acids and sterols that may serve as bioactive dietary supplement, but it still needs further safety studies.
Highlights
Plants have evolved and adapted over millions of years to produce unique, structurally diverse secondary, bioactive metabolites[1]
The results revealed the presence of flavonoids in all tested fractions and the residue, while anthraquinones and coumarins were absent in all tested samples
Gold Dust was subjected to quantitative estimation of its lipoidal matter content using gas chromatography (GC) technique
Summary
Plants have evolved and adapted over millions of years to produce unique, structurally diverse secondary, bioactive metabolites[1]. The qualitative, phytochemical method refers to the qualitative detection of the plant’s primary and secondary metabolites such as carbohydrates, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, saponins, coumarins, sterols, triterpenes, and alkaloids using a well-known, standard chemical procedure[2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. (family Euphorbiaceae), commonly known as garden or variegated croton, is an ornamental shrub with more than 200 varieties and cultivars existing in the ornamental horticulture. They are available in different leaves size, shape, and color patterns[15]. To date, no qualitative or quantitative analysis has been reported on the cultivar under investigation, inspire the lunch of the current study
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