Qualitative characteristics of collectible forms Citrus reticulata Blan. var. unchiu Tan.

Abstract

The article discusses the key characteristics of the quality of mandarin fruits (Citrus reticulata Blan. var. unchiu Tan.) from the collection of FRC SSC RAS. The objects of the study were 12 unique and most valuable varieties and hybrids of domestic and foreign breeding. The results of mechanical analysis of fruits are given. The study of the chemical composition of fruits showed that they are rich in vitamins, sugars, acids. The quantitative ratio is dominated by sucrose, more than 70 % of sucrose is noted in the varieties 'Pioner 80', 'Sochinskij 23', 'Krasnodarskij 83', 'Iverija'. The greatest amount of fructose was isolated in clones and hybrids from 20.1 – 21.6 %. Organic acids (citric, malic, succinic, acetic, lactic, oxalic, ascorbic), vitamin C (ascorbic) were determined, the high content of which was noted in clones 22 and 33. Among the main organic acids, citric acid dominates – 90-96 %, the leader appear to be 'Kowano Wase', the least amount is in ' Sochinskij 23'. The high content of succinic acid was noted in the varieties 'Millennium 1' (37.34 mg/100g) and ' Pioner 80' (35.06 mg/100g). Fruits of the variety 'Jubilejnyj', ' Pioner 80' and Hybrid No. 10 contain the largest amount of tartaric acid, which ranges from 51.44 to 59.71 mg/100g. The highest sugar–acid index was noted in the early ripening varieties 'Millenium 1' (9.3 units) and 'Kowano Wase' (8.5 units), hybrid No. 10 (8.0 units), which indicates good taste indicators of these samples.