Qualitative Assessment of Barriers to Buprenorphine Access: The Role of Pharmacies

Abstract

Background Patients continue to face challenges accessing medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) despite attempts to loosen prescribing restrictions and streamline service provision. Past research has mainly focused on potential barriers surrounding prescribing practices for buprenorphine, but has had limited investigation into the role of pharmacies. Objective This study investigates the role of both pharmacists and pharmacies in creating or circumventing barriers to accessing buprenorphine for individuals in Georgia seeking medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Methods Semi-structured interviews of pharmacists across 12 access and no access pharmacies were used to create a codebook of 179 discreet statements. The (N = 12) 20–35-minute phone interviews included questions addressing substance use, pharmacy practices, treatment, harm reduction, and psychoeducation. Results Pharmacists widely agreed that opioid use has caused negative effects on community members (N = 11), that buprenorphine formulation stocking decisions are made based on patient needs (N = 11), and that buprenorphine is relatively easy to stock (N = 10). Additionally, respondents generally stated that buprenorphine is a helpful tool for treating opioid use disorder (OUD) (N = 12) but some reported positive experiences while others reported challenging or negative experiences with patients receiving buprenorphine (N = 7). Finally, few (N = 4) pharmacists agreed that they could benefit from extra training despite many asserting that training is important to inform their own practice (N = 8). Conclusion Results from respondents generally show that training may be beneficial for pharmacists to develop an enhanced understanding of addiction and treatment. Enhanced effort to stock different formulations or dosages of buprenorphine and develop relationships with prescribers may increase community access.