Abstract
Watersheds have different water compartments (surface, subsurface, and underground) connected by the soil-water interface. In order to be able to relate these compartments, monitoring data are necessary, such as the case of the Ribeirão Concórdia watershed, in Lontras, Santa Catarina (SC). This study aimed to evaluate the behavior and the correlation between rainfall-runoff and phreatic surface levels with chemical species concentrations in surface and groundwaters in a rural watershed. Data of 3 piezometers installed in the hydrographic basin were used: PZ2127, PZ3, and PZMC. The piezometers are equipped with hydrostatic level sensors. A fluviometric station is located adjacent to PZ2127 (near the catchment outlet). Concentrations of anions and carbon forms were analyzed in water samples (river and piezometers) taken every 2-3 weeks, from January 14, 2012, to December 23, 2016, totaling 103 samples. Correlations between daily data were verified using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (ρ). The river presented a dilution effect, while the adjacent piezometer had the highest average concentrations of chemical species. Precipitation and chemical species concentration showed no seasonal pattern, with events/peaks throughout the year. Higher concentrations of carbon forms were found in the summer, while lower concentrations were observed in the winter. Positive correlations between concentrations of anions and carbon forms in surface and groundwaters were obtained.
Highlights
IntroductionFor example, are influenced by meteorological conditions, runoff processes, human interventions, and geological characteristics at different spatial and temporal scales (Winter et al, 1998)
Groundwater management requires an in-depth understanding of hydrological processes
We investigated the behavior of chemical species concentrations in the interaction between piezometers and rivers, in a rural watershed in the Atlantic Forest biome, southern Brazil, in order to identify patterns and characteristics related to the use and occupation of the local land
Summary
For example, are influenced by meteorological conditions, runoff processes, human interventions, and geological characteristics at different spatial and temporal scales (Winter et al, 1998) The interactions of these water reservoirs play a decisive role in the quality of water bodies, and understanding them can provide information on sources and transport of pollutants in rivers and aquifers in watersheds (Guggenmos et al, 2011; Martinez et al, 2015). Inadequate land use management and anthropogenic activities degrade aquatic systems, reducing the availability and quality of water resources (Santos et al, 2019) Pollution of these environments in rural areas occurs by contaminants resulting from agricultural activities, pesticide and fertilizer application, and the risk of water contamination is usually associated with rainfall and the consequent transport of these substances (Soares et al, 2020). Brazil has an excellent water potential; according to Santos and Hernandez (2013), it lacks sufficient quali-quantitative monitoring to support the expansion of knowledge about the dynamics of aquatic systems
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