Abstract
Ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences represent a group of clinically compatible techniques that are capable of using echo times < 1 ms. With these techniques, direct imaging of short T2/T2* tissues or tissue components can now be performed. Continuing modifications to the UTE techniques have allowed for faster and more robust sequences now comparable with conventional clinical sequences. UTE also allows for morphological imaging and quantitative evaluation in a manner not previously possible with conventional imaging sequences utilizing much longer echo times. Numerous potential clinical applications have emerged that are discussed in this review article.
Highlights
Ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences represent a group of clinically compatible techniques that are capable of using echo times < 1 ms
Wang and Xia demonstrated that both the total number and component T2 relaxation times vary depending on orientation with respect to B0.35 Despite this, previous studies have shown that data from UTE sequences with bicomponent T2Ã analyses is less sensitive to magic angle effects compared with monoexponential T2Ã.36
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using spectroscopic systems and fresh cartilage plugs obtained from bovine knee joints, studies have found four pools of protons including those associated with collagen (T2 $0.02 ms), those associated with mobile proteoglycan (T2 $ 1 ms), water molecules trapped within collagen fibrils (T2 $ 4 ms), and bulk water (T2 $ 20 ms).[80]
Summary
Ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences represent a group of clinically compatible techniques that are capable of using echo times < 1 ms. Morphological Evaluation UTE sequences detect signal from tissues with both long and short/ultrashort mean transverse relaxation times.
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