Qualitative and quantitative exploitation of heteronuclear coupling constants

Abstract

This chapter discusses the qualitative and quantitative exploitation of heteronuclear coupling constants. The direct heteronuclear shift correlation methods are discussed. While heteronucleus-detected direct heteronuclear shift correlation methods have become less frequently used in recent years, these methods still afford the most efficient means of obtaining spectra with high digital resolution in the heteronuclear frequency domain. The heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HMQC) experiment remains the most widely employed, proton-detected heteronuclear shift correlation method. The chapter also discusses the quantitative measurement and the use of long-range heteronuclear couplings. Such type of couplings can be used to establish molecular conformation in much the same manner as homonuclear couplings. The key experiments used for the measurement of long-range heteronuclear couplings are very briefly surveyed in the chapter. Various applications of quantitatively determined long-range heteronuclear couplings to chemical structure problems are also reviewed.