Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Teasle Gourd Genotypes

Abstract

ABSTRACTPlant morphology is widely adaptive. Phenotypic differentiation among genotypes reflects a balance between natural selection in the local environment, migration of alleles via gene flow, and, at a lower frequency, the acquisition of novel traits through mutation. Teasle gourd [Momordica subangulata Blume subsp. renigera (G. Don) de Wilde] is a rich source of antioxidant vitamins and a raw material for commercial extraction of neutraceuticals. Extensive collection and characterization for evaluation of superior genotypes are important in improvement. The aim of the study was to evaluate genetic diversity of accessions through genetic components analyses, and genetic divergence by multivariate analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Wide variation occurred for 13 qualitative and 19 quantitative characters. Number of fruit/plant and fruit weight was identified as the most important selection indices for improvement of yield. Based on determination of divergence, the 18 genotypes could be grouped into seven clusters. Geographical diversity was not adequate as an index of genetic diversity. Based on PCA and average values, genotypes “BCTG-1,” “BCTG-2,” and “BCTG-4” possessed optimum combinations of all variables. Inter-mating between these female clones by inducing staminate, or hermaphrodite, flowers with application of growth substances may be an alternative breeding method for teasle gourd. Desirable characters in hybrids as new varieties can be fixed indefinitely through clonal propagation within a short period of time.