Abstract
To accurately determine the expression and distribution patterns of two influenza virus receptors (SAα2,3-gal and SAα2,6-gal) in trachea and lung tissues of humans, mice, chickens and ducks, we analyzed lectin immunofluorescence stainings of various tissue sections qualitatively and quantitatively. Results from the qualitative analysis showed that both influenza virus receptors were expressed in lung tissues of humans, mice, chickens and ducks as well as trachea tissues of mice and ducks. However, SAα2,6-gal receptor was expressed only in the human trachea tissue and SAα2,3-gal receptor was expressed only in the chicken trachea tissue. Results from the quantitative analysis demonstrated that both receptors were expressed in trachea tissues of human and mouse, as well as in lung tissues of humans, chickens and ducks. Meanwhile, our results also showed that the expression and distribution of influenza virus receptors in the same tissue were not always uniform, indicating that their distribution and expression in various tissues are not simply the distinction between the presence or absence of receptors, but rather the difference in the amount of expressed receptors.
Highlights
The 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza and outbreaks of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in Hong Kong in 1997 severely threatened human health
Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) stained cells were only observed on epithelium cells of human trachea (Figure 1A), while Maackia amurensis lectin (MAA)-I, MAA-II and SNA stained cells were detected on epithelium cells of mouse (Figure 1B)
Results of the qualitative analysis demonstrated that both SA 2,3-gal and SA 2,6-gal receptors were expressed in trachea tissues of mice and ducks
Summary
The 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza and outbreaks of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in Hong Kong in 1997 severely threatened human health. Reports on the distribution of these two types of receptors in different host tissues and the tissue tropism of various influenza viruses have been contradictory [1,2,3,4]. No. mine the distribution and expression characteristics of these two types of influenza virus receptors in trachea and lung tissues of humans, mice, chickens and ducks, which may help us to better understand the mechanism of how different influenza viruses could infect these host tissues. We utilized lectin immunofluorescence staining to systematically analyze the distribution and expression status of two types of sialic acid receptors in trachea and lung tissues of humans, mice, chickens and ducks to help us better understand the distribution characteristics and expression status of the two types of influenza virus sialic acid receptors in trachea and lung tissues of various hosts
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