Abstract
QUALITY OF SOYBEAN SEEDS UNDER STORAGE IN WESTERN SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL High quality seeds are considered those showing good genetic, physiological, physical and sanitary properties. Quality control is of great importance for the maintenance of high quality seeds from the field to processing and storage of soybean seeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds of transgenic (BMX Potencia RR, BMX Energia RR, BMX Forca RR, SYN 3358 RR) and conventional soybean (BRS 284) stored in conventional bag conditions until the time of selling. The seeds were obtained in the 2009/2010 growing season and stored for seven months in Campos Novos – SC, Brazil. For this study a representative sample of the batch was collected before being submitted to storage and after seven months of storage, and was split into four replications to obtain the working samples, where tests for germination, accelerated aging, cold test, tetrazolium and electrical conductivity were performed. Analysis of variance by the F-test indicated significant differences (P <0.05) among genotypes for all variables. Considering germination after storage, only the cultivars BMX Potencia RR, BMX Energia RR and BMX Forca RR could be marketed. According to the vigor tests it was shown that only BMX Potencia RR had a high vigor, which concluded that the efficiency of conventional storage was dependent on the cultivar. Mechanical damage was potentially a major cause of viability and vigor loss in all cultivars, which is strongly associated with damage to the seed during harvesting and processing.
Highlights
High quality seeds are considered those showing good genetic, physiological, physical and sanitary properties
As amostras de sementes das cultivares transgênicas (BMX Potência Roundup Read (RR), BMX Energia RR, BMX Força RR, SYN 3358 RR) e convencional (BRS 284) foram obtidas em cooperativas de Campos Novos – SC, provenientes da safra 2009/2010, todas pertencentes à categoria 1 (C1), as quais permaneceram armazenadas em condições convencionais de sacaria, com temperatura média de 22 °C e umidade relativa do ar em torno de 60%, durante sete meses
Após os sete meses de armazenamento, as sementes apresentaram queda na germinação para a maioria das cultivares, mas as cultivares BMX Potência RR, BMX Força RR e BMX Energia RR não diferiram significativamente entre si, e apresentaram valores superiores a 80%, em comparação as cultivares SYN 3358 RR (77%) e BRS 284 (74,5%) (Quadro 1)
Summary
As amostras de sementes das cultivares transgênicas (BMX Potência RR, BMX Energia RR, BMX Força RR, SYN 3358 RR) e convencional (BRS 284) foram obtidas em cooperativas de Campos Novos – SC, provenientes da safra 2009/2010, todas pertencentes à categoria 1 (C1), as quais permaneceram armazenadas em condições convencionais de sacaria, com temperatura média de 22 °C e umidade relativa do ar em torno de 60%, durante sete meses. O teste de germinação foi conduzido em papel tipo Germitest, na forma de rolo, umedecido em água destilada na proporção de 2,5 vezes a massa do papel seco, com cinquenta sementes por repetição, sendo que as sementes permaneceram em germinador na posição vertical e na presença de 12 h de luz, sob temperatura de 25 °C, conforme critérios das Regras para Análise de Sementes (BRASIL, 2009). Após este período foi realizado o teste de germinação, com a avaliação no oitavo dia (BRASIL, 2009). Para o teste de frio, utilizaram-se quatro subamostras de cinquenta sementes, conduzidas de acordo com o teste de germinação, os rolos com as sementes foram colocados e fechados em sacos plásticos e mantidos em câmara de germinação a 10 °C por cinco dias. As análises foram conduzidas usando-se os procedimentos GLM e CORR do software SAS® (Statistical Analysis System, SAS, 2003)
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