Quadrupole hysteresis in uniaxial magnet with unity spin

Abstract

Uniaxial spin-1 magnets with tensor interactions have been studied in the absence of external magnetic field. The model with the most general form of interactions for the uniaxial symmetry has been investigated. Conditions for the implementation of only two quadrupole phases are considered: the phase with a quadrupole ordering along the lattice symmetry axis and the phase with ordering in the plane normal to the lattice symmetry axis. It has been shown that components of the quadrupole order parameter as a function of the single-ion anisotropy constant at low temperatures has “hysteresis” character. An analytical expression for the remagnetization energy per lattice site has been obtained.