Abstract
The details of two soliton collision processes were investigated in detail in a 1 cm long periodically poled KTP crystal for the case when the solitons were excited by inputting only the fundamental beam. The effects on the collision outcomes of the distance of the collision into the sample, collision angle and phase mismatch were measured for different relative phases between the input beams. At small angles (around 0.4 degrees ) fusion, repulsion and energy transfer processes were observed, while at the collision angles approaching 3.2 degrees the two output soliton beams were essentially unaffected by the interaction. The phase mismatch was varied from 3.5 to -1.5pi for the 0.4 degrees collision angle case. The output solitons separation at pi input phase difference showed strongly asymmetric behavior with phase mismatch. In general, the measurements indicate a decrease in the interaction strength with increasing phase mismatch. All collision processes were performed in the vicinity of a non-critical phase matching.
Highlights
Some of the most fascinating features of spatial solitons in continuous media stem from their particle-like interactions [1]
Only the fundamental beam (FW) is launched and the Quadratic spatial solitons (QSSs) is formed some distance into the medium when the generated second harmonic (SH) wave becomes locked in amplitude and phase to the values needed for a spatial soliton
Because with FW input only the required SH and the solitons are generated after some propagation distance into the crystal as discussed previously, a soliton collision process should depend on the specific physical collision point inside the sample
Summary
Some of the most fascinating features of spatial solitons in continuous media stem from their particle-like interactions [1]. Quadratic spatial solitons (QSSs) consist of different spectral components linked via a second order nonlinearity [10] They have most frequently been investigated under conditions of almost phase-matched second harmonic generation utilizing either birefringent or quasi phase matching. Only the fundamental beam (FW) is launched and the QSS is formed some distance into the medium when the generated second harmonic (SH) wave becomes locked in amplitude and phase to the values needed for a spatial soliton. This excitation method for a QSS has proven successful, but has led to other effects such as multi-soliton generation [11,12,13,14]. The results give an insight into the conditions under which the collisions occur between solitons, and whether the output beams are solitons
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