Quadratic non-polynomial spline approximation for non-linear Volterra-Fredholm integral equations of the second kind

Abstract

A quadratic non-polynomial spline is studied in depth in this paper in order to solve non-linear Volterra-Fredholm integral equations of type 2. This section introduces an algorithm, followed by example. As a result of a comparison of exact and approximate solutions, numerical results show convergence between the two. To demonstrate the technique’s feasibility and capability, numerical example is presented.