Abstract
Bacterial wilt (BW) disease, which is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is one globally prevalent plant disease leading to significant losses of crop production and yield with the involvement of a diverse variety of monocot and dicot host plants. In particular, the BW of the soil-borne disease seriously influences solanaceous crops, including peppers (sweet and chili peppers), paprika, tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplants. Recent studies have explored genetic regions that are associated with BW resistance for pepper crops. However, owing to the complexity of BW resistance, the identification of the genomic regions controlling BW resistance is poorly understood and still remains to be unraveled in the pepper cultivars. In this study, we performed the quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis to identify genomic loci and alleles, which play a critical role in the resistance to BW in pepper plants. The disease symptoms and resistance levels for BW were assessed by inoculation with R. solanacearum. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was utilized in 94 F2 segregating populations originated from a cross between a resistant line, KC352, and a susceptible line, 14F6002-14. A total of 628,437 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was obtained, and a pepper genetic linkage map was constructed with putative 1550 SNP markers via the filtering criteria. The linkage map exhibited 16 linkage groups (LG) with a total linkage distance of 828.449 cM. Notably, QTL analysis with CIM (composite interval mapping) method uncovered pBWR-1 QTL underlying on chromosome 01 and explained 20.13 to 25.16% by R2 (proportion of explained phenotyphic variance by the QTL) values. These results will be valuable for developing SNP markers associated with BW-resistant QTLs as well as for developing elite BW-resistant cultivars in pepper breeding programs.
Highlights
Introduction iationsPepper plants (Capsicum spp.) derived from the regions of American tropics belong to the Capsicum genus and Solanaceae family, including peppers, paprika, tomatoes, eggplants, and potatoes
Among the 94 inoculated plants, 16 plants were observed with no visible symptoms (DI = 0), representing a resistant line to bacterial wilt (BW), whereas 49 plants were observed with 76–100% wilted leaves (DI = 4), representing a susceptible line to BW (Figure 1B)
The disease symptoms and resistance for BW were evaluated by the inoculation with R. solanacearum using 94 F2 -segregating populations
Summary
Pepper plants (Capsicum spp.) derived from the regions of American tropics belong to the Capsicum genus and Solanaceae family, including peppers, paprika, tomatoes, eggplants, and potatoes. It is regarded as one of the most important vegetable crops worldwide owing to diverse positive aspects in field of cuisine, medicine and healthcare, and economy [1,2,3]. The consumption of pepper has been gradually increased for several decades, together with the cultivation area and production in agriculture (http://www.fao.org/faostat (accessed on 9 August 2021) [9]. On the basis of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) [9], the cultivation area has occupied around 4.5 million hectare, and pepper production has reached around 67 million.
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