QRS prolongation on the signal-averaged electrocardiogram versus ST-segment changes on the 12-lead electrocardiogram: which is the most sensitive electrocardiographic marker of myocardial ischemia?

Abstract

ST-segment changes and QRS prolongation are electrocardiographic (ECG) markers of myocardial ischemia. This study was undertaken to investigate the appearance of QRS duration changes with or without concomitant ST-segment changes during a typical anginal episode. For this purpose, 126 patients underwent 12-lead surface ECG and signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) during typical anginal pain as well as at the time the patient was asymptomatic. In both periods, QRS duration and ST-segment changes were evaluated. All patients underwent cardiac catheterization. Of the 126 patients, 108 (86%) had coronary artery disease (CAD), whereas the remaining 18 (14%) patients had normal coronary arteriograms. During typical anginal pain, 75 of the 108 (70%) patients with CAD and 2 of the 18 (11%) patients with normal coronary arteriograms developed QRS prolongation, whereas 60 of the 108 (56%) patients with CAD and 2 of the 18 (11%) patients with normal coronary vessels developed ST-segment changes. Thus, the sensitivities of QRS prolongation measured by SAECG and of ST-segment changes on the surface ECG for the detection of myocardial ischemia were found to be 70 and 56%, respectively, (p < 0.01), whereas the specificities were both found to be 89% (p = NS). During typical anginal pain, QRS prolongation on the SAECG is more sensitive than are ST-segment changes on the ECG for the detection of myocardial ischemia.