QoS-Aware Routing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Using Ant Colony Optimization and Bee Colony Optimization

Abstract

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are the kind of mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANETs) which consist of mobile nodes (vehicles) and fixed nodes (roadside units). Various applications such as road safety, comfort of passenger, entertainment, public safety, sign extension, and intelligent transportation require the communication between the vehicles. VANETs have special characteristics like frequent topology changes and high mobility which disconnect the network very frequently. Therefore, the highly dynamic nature of vehicles and the rapid changes in network topology are the most challenging issues in VANETs. In these situations, the most important requirement is the transfer of data from source to goal with a certain level of quality of service (QoS). In this paper, we propose QoS-Aware Routing Protocol for VANETs called QoS-Aware Routing in VANETs (QARV) in which packets reach the destination while satisfying the QoS. This protocol works in highway scenario. The new concept called Terminal Intersection concept is used in these two protocols in order to reduce the congestion and lessen the time for exploring the route. In this paper, two bio-inspired algorithms, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Bee Colony Optimization (BCO), are used to achieve the results. This paper provides the comparative analysis of various performance parameters of both the algorithms.