Abstract
In Smart Grids, a variety of new applications are available to users of the electrical system (from consumers to the electric system operators and market operators). Some applications such as the SCADA systems, which control generators or substations, have consequences, for example, with a communication delay. The result of a failure to deliver a control message due to noncompliance of the time constraint can be catastrophic. On the other hand, applications such as smart metering of consumption have fewer restrictions. Since each type of application has different quality of service requirements (importance, delay, and amount of data to transmit) to transmit its messages, the policy to control and share the resources of the data communication network must consider them. In this paper Markov Decision Process Theory is employed to determine optimal policies to explore as much as possible the availability of throughput in order to transmit all kinds of messages, considering the quality of service requirements defined to each kind of message. First a non-preemptive model is formulated and after that a preemptive model is derived. Numerical results are used to compare FIFO, non-preemptive and preemptive policies.
Highlights
Smart Grids are characterized by a solid integration between a flexible and secure data communication network with advanced management techniques that control and monitor electric power systems
Since communication networks play a critical role in the smart grid [2], it has to be properly designed and implemented so that all the functionalities of the Smart Grid may be applied in practice
One important aspect is the quality of service (QoS) management [3]
Summary
Smart Grids are characterized by a solid integration between a flexible and secure data communication network with advanced management techniques that control and monitor electric power systems. Since Markov Decision Process (MDP) [20] is a mathematical tool suitable to analyze stochastic control problem involving reactive complex systems composed by parallel and concurrent components, this research applied MDP to obtain optimal policies for sharing the available throughput (bits per second) between different classes of Smart Grid applications with distinct QoS requirements. In this problem, the arriving time and the transmission time of messages in some class of priority are independent of the messages in the other classes of priority and every message compete for the available throughput.
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