Abstract
Plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging infrastructure is necessary to accommodate the rapid increase in PEV penetration rate. Capacity planning of PEV charging infrastructure (EVCI) must ensure not only a satisfactory charging service for PEV users but also a reliable operation of the power grid. In this paper, we propose a quality-of-service (QoS) aware capacity planning of EVCI. In particular, the proposed framework accounts for the link between the charging QoS and the power distribution network (PDN) capability. Towards this end, we firstly optimize charging facility sizes to achieve a targeted QoS level. Then, we minimize the integration cost for the PDN by attaining the most cost-effective allocation of the energy storage systems (ESSs) and/or upgrading the PDN substation and feeders. Additionally, we capture the correlation between the occupation levels of neighboring charging facilities and the blocked PEV user behaviors. We model the EVCI as a queuing network with finite capacity, and utilize the non-stationary queuing models to study the temporal variability of the PEV charging demand. A network of charging facilities is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Highlights
The number of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) is rapidly increasing worldwide, because of the increased social awareness of their environmental and economic benefits [1]
The road transportation network (RTN) nodes/links geographically overlap with the power distribution network (PDN) buses, which means that each RTN node or link is served by one electric bus of PDN
The proposed framework minimizes the cost of EVCI integration into PDN by either allocating energy storage systems (ESSs) in charging facilities and/or reinforcing the PDN
Summary
The number of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) is rapidly increasing worldwide, because of the increased social awareness of their environmental and economic benefits [1]. Capacity planning of EVCI is a problem of determining appropriate sizes for charging facilities that quantify the number of chargers and waiting positions. From the service provider perspective, capacity planning of EVCI must minimize the investment cost associated with charging facility construction and integration with the PDN by optimizing the numbers of chargers and waiting positions allocated at each charging facility, and ensuring that the load demand of EVCI complies with power grid constraints. There are inter-relationships among the QoS level of EVCI, the required PDN upgrades, and the ESS allocation in charging facilities These inter-relationships offer guidance to size the charging facilities in a cost-effective manner, in addition to provide insights into how to make a trade-off between the PEV user satisfaction and the required investment in PDN
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