Qinqin 親親 as Optimizing Symbiosis: Authenticity and Diversity in Contemporary Chinese Families

Abstract

This article explores the concept of qinqin 親親 (familial closeness) within Chinese culture, challenging traditional definitions of family through the lens of authenticity and diversity. It critically examines Roger Ames’ concept of optimizing symbiosis and Sun Xiangchen's analysis of qinqin in familial being-between-generations. Through Ames’ concept of zoetological difference, the author exposes possible misunderstandings of qinqin and its root shengsheng 生生 (incessant living, growing, birthing) as something merely biological or dogmatic, as well as practical consequences of those misunderstandings both historically and contemporarily. Ames’ and Sun’s concepts are used to counter these misunderstandings. By analyzing familial relationships beyond mere biological connections and patriarchal dogmas, the author argues for a broader understanding of family that includes non-traditional structures like DINK and LGBTQ families. The article then opens up the possibility of forming non-patriarchal families while preserving the zoetological-existential urge to keep meaning and love flowing between generations.