Abstract
Quality checks, assessments, and the assurance of food products, raw materials, and food ingredients is critically important to ensure the safeguard of foods of high quality for safety and public health. Nevertheless, quality checks, assessments, and the assurance of food products along distribution and supply chains is impacted by various challenges. For instance, the development of portable, sensitive, low-cost, and robust instrumentation that is capable of real-time, accurate, and sensitive analysis, quality checks, assessments, and the assurance of food products in the field and/or in the production line in a food manufacturing industry is a major technological and analytical challenge. Other significant challenges include analytical method development, method validation strategies, and the non-availability of reference materials and/or standards for emerging food contaminants. The simplicity, portability, non-invasive, non-destructive properties, and low-cost of NIR spectrometers, make them appealing and desirable instruments of choice for rapid quality checks, assessments and assurances of food products, raw materials, and ingredients. This review article surveys literature and examines current challenges and breakthroughs in quality checks and the assessment of a variety of food products, raw materials, and ingredients. Specifically, recent technological innovations and notable advances in quartz crystal microbalances (QCM), electroanalytical techniques, and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic instrument development in the quality assessment of selected food products, and the analysis of food raw materials and ingredients for foodborne pathogen detection between January 2019 and July 2020 are highlighted. In addition, chemometric approaches and multivariate analyses of spectral data for NIR instrumental calibration and sample analyses for quality assessments and assurances of selected food products and electrochemical methods for foodborne pathogen detection are discussed. Moreover, this review provides insight into the future trajectory of innovative technological developments in QCM, electroanalytical techniques, NIR spectroscopy, and multivariate analyses relating to general applications for the quality assessment of food products.
Highlights
Introduction and OverviewSecure and sustainable access to safe, quality foods is undeniably among the most significant global challenges of the 21st century
Bergamaschi et al [206] analyzed the content of fatty acids (FA) in cheese that were prepared with milk sourced from cows raised in different farming systems, employing near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with partial least squares regression
Global quality control and assessment of food products is envisioned to continue to be a global challenge in the coming years for various, complex, and divergent reasons
Summary
Secure and sustainable access to safe, quality foods is undeniably among the most significant global challenges of the 21st century. Guaranteed access to safe, authentic, quality foods is only achievable via proactive, concerted, and well-coordinated efforts among food manufacturing and processing industries, public health officials, and regulatory agencies. Agencies such as the United States Foods and Drug Administration, United States Department of Agriculture, European Commission, European Food Safety Authority, World Health Organization, and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations are working collaboratively to mitigate the sales of fraudulent, substandard, adulterated, and unsafe foods [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. The review provides insight into the future direction of innovative technological developments in QCM, electroanalytical techniques, NIR spectroscopy, and multivariate analyses for the quality assessment of food products
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