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Abstract
In this work, sensing behaviors and mechanisms of two crosslinked copolymers with dimethylamine and dimethylamide functional groups were compared and investigated for their ability to detect hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. The crosslinked copolymer films were photopolymerized on quartz crystal electrodes using a micro-contact printing technique. The gas sensing behaviors were analyzed by measuring resonant frequency (Δf) of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The HCl binding capacity of photopolymerized films, with a mass between 4.6 and 5.9 μg, was optimized. Under optimized film mass conditions, the poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (DMAEMA-co-EGDMA), poly(DMAEMA-co-EGDMA), film, C2-DMA, showed a 13.9-fold higher binding capacity than the poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, poly(DMAA-co-EGDMA), film, C0-DMA, during HCl gas adsorption. HCl gas was effectively adsorbed on the C2-DMA film because of the formation of tertiary amine salts through protonation and strong ionic bonding. Furthermore, the C2-DMA film exhibited excellent sensitivity, of 2.51 (ng/μg) (1/ppm), and selectivity coefficient (k* = 12.6 for formaldehyde and 13.5 for hydrogen fluoride) compared to the C0-DMA film. According to the experimental results, and due to its high functionality and stability, the C2-DMA film-coated QC electrode could be used as an HCl gas sensor, with low-cost and simple preparation, in future endeavors.
Highlights
IntroductionHydrogen chloride (HCl) gas is generated by incinerating chloride-containing materials, such as plastics (e.g., polyvinyl chloride), papers, and coals [1,2]
Hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas is generated by incinerating chloride-containing materials, such as plastics, papers, and coals [1,2]
Poly(DMAEMA-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA)) films were fabricated through UV radical polymerization (Figure 1a)
Summary
Hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas is generated by incinerating chloride-containing materials, such as plastics (e.g., polyvinyl chloride), papers, and coals [1,2]. It has been recognized as one of the acid gas air pollutants due to its toxic effect on the environment and human health. Exposure to HCl gas can have adverse effects on the human body, including the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin. Exposure to highly concentrated HCl gas (>100 ppm) can lead to acute laryngeal cramps or pulmonary edema [3]. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) has been used as a sensing instrument to detect HCl gas because of the ease of quantitative analysis observed by converting a measured frequency variation into a mass change
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