Abstract
We calculate the contribution of instanton – anti-instanton ( I I ̄ ) pairs to the vacuum energy of QCD-like theories with N f light fermions, using the saddle point method. A qualitative change of behavior is found around N f =6. We discuss the relation of this phenomenon to the mechanism of chiral symmetry breaking and the asymptotic of the perturbative series associated with I I ̄ contributions.
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