QCD Phase Diagram at NICA Energies: \(K^+/\pi ^+\) Horn Effect and Light Clusters in THESEUS

Abstract

We discuss recent progress in the development of the three-fluid hydrodynamics-based program THESEUS towards an event generator suitable for applications to heavy-ion collisions at the intermediate energies of the planned NICA and FAIR experiments. We follow the strategy that modifications of particle distributions at the freeze-out surface in the QCD phase diagram may be mapped directly to the observable ones within a sudden freeze-out scheme. We report first results of these investigations for the production of light clusters (deuterons and tritons) which can be compared to experimental data from the HADES and the NA49 experiment and for the interpretation of the "horn" effect observed in the collision energy dependence of the $K^+/\pi^+$ ratio. Medium effects on light cluster production in the QCD phase diagram are negligible at the highest NICA energies but shall play a dominant role at the lowest energies. A sharp "horn"-type signal in the $K^+/\pi^+$ ratio can be obtained when the onset of Bose condensation modelled by a pion chemical potential results in an enhancement of pions at low momenta (which is seen at LHC energies) and would occur already in the NICA energy range.