Abstract
Relativistic scalar field theories with a conserved global charge Qoften possess (meta)stable spherically symmetric solitonsolutions, called Q-balls. We elaborate on the perfect formal analogywhich exists between Q-balls and spherically symmetric solitons incertain non-relativistic atomic Bose–Einstein condensates, for whichthe dominant interatomic interaction can be tuned attractive.In a harmonic trap, present in existingexperiments, the Q-ball solution is modified in an essential way. If thetrap is significantly prolongated in one direction, however, then genuinesolitons do appear, and actual experimental data can be obtained forsome of the Q-ball properties studied numerically in the relativistic cosmological context, such as their formation andcollisions. We also suggest conditions under which the samecosmologically relevant analogies could be extended to the fullythree-dimensional case.
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