Abstract
While wireless sensor networks (WSN) offer potential, their limited programmability and energy limitations determine operational challenges. Thus, a TinyIPFIX-based system was designed such that this application layer protocol is now used to exchange data in WSNs efficiently. The new prototype is based on the Espressif ESP32-WROOM-32D Internet-of-Things (IoT) platform, which is becoming famous, as it is inexpensive but powerful compared to older generations of IoT devices. The system implementation is provided in the programming language MicroPython, which provides a simple and efficient implementation, compared to a lower-level programming language. Therefore, this approach focuses on value creation rather than platform-specific implementation difficulties. The system is evaluated in smart home use cases and displays valuable overhead, reliability, and power efficiency. TinyIPFIX outperforms the data overhead of the type–length–value (TLV) paradigm by a factor of 7% when a TinyIPFIX data message carries only two records, and one TinyIPFIX template message is sent per three TinyIPFIX data messages. A further decrease in overhead is observed when the number of data records per message and the number of TinyIPFIX data messages sent per one TinyIPFIX template message increase to larger values. The message delivery between end devices and the application server resides at a very high level, close to 100%, when the transmission reliability is secured with acknowledgments and retransmissions. The energy efficiency resides at the limited level, as the experienced deep sleep power consumption of the ESP32 device resides at the milliwatt level.
Highlights
Sensors organizing themselves in complex structures, such as networks of a multi-hop nature, are referred to as wireless sensor networks (WSN)
This saves energy because there are more relevant data than overhead in aggregated messages. Another critical task that concentrators satisfy is that they allow multi-hop forwarding if the collector is out of reach. This allows for more extensive networks, while otherwise, the TinyIPFIX device would have to be placed in the range of the collector
TinyIPFIX was selected as a wireless sensor network (WSN) data transport mechanism
Summary
A sensor is a module designed to sense the environment and forward this information to other components, determining a distributed system out of computers or servers. For the smart home/city and energy area, one can consider energy measurements among each household to plan for precise energy production such that an adequate consumption is backed by suitable production, avoiding energy waste With such potentials provided by WSNs, significant challenges exist, preventing their massive deployment. Heavily limited in CPU (central processing unit) cycles, RAM (random access memory), and network capacity, are difficult to program and typically require the knowledge of specialized low-level programming languages. Another challenge is related to the fact that sensors are typically battery powered.
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