Abstract
Abstract The subject of this class is called number theory, which deals with the whole numbers, that is 1, 2, 3, 4 and so on and their negatives ‒1, ‒2, ‒3, …We shall not be interested in fractions or decimal numbers. This is a very old and beautiful subject but it is rather different from the way we do ordinary calculations for we cannot always solve simple equations. For example, the equation 2x = 3 does not have a solution if we only allow x to be a whole number. Some positive whole numbers can be expressed as the product of two smaller positive whole numbers (for example 6 = 2 × 3), while others cannot (for example, 7). The numbers which cannot be factorized into the product of two smaller numbers are called prime numbers. The first few prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,… A great deal is known about the prime numbers but a lot has yet to be discovered. For example, we know that the list of prime numbers is infinite, that is, it never ends.
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