Abstract
PQQ is a novel growth factor. Reproduction and mitochondrial metabolism are impaired in animals fed diets devoid of PQQ. However, little is known about PQQ functional parameters in humans. In a randomized study, 10 subjects ingested PQQ and were examined at daily/weekly intervals. PQQ serum levels and urinary excretion increased directly with PQQ intake. At each dose (0 to 40 mg/day), ~0.1% was excreted in urine. PQQ peaked in serum at 2–3 h after each dose with a half‐life of 3–5 h. Assays, for plasma anti‐oxidant potential (e.g. TRAP), indicated improvements at nM PQQ concentrations. In contrast, micromolar amounts are usually required for other biofactors. Decreased TAG, uric acid and urinary NAG activity (a marker for renal damage) levels were also observed. In addition, a decrease in the mtDNA/nuclear DNA ratio of nucleated cells in blood occurred in response to PQQ (~ 30 mg PQQ/day X 3 d; ~ 15 %, P <0.05). Current efforts are directed at elucidating the significance of this decrease in view of the favorable changes in antioxidant potential and serum TAG and mtDNA increases previously observed in animal tissues in response to PQQ. Support: the UCD CHNR and Mitsubishi Gas and Chem. Co.
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