Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by uncontrolled proliferation after escaping from inherent physiological constraints on growth and survival and by destructive invasion of the healthy surrounding tissues
Highlights
The activity of proteins or enzymes can be enhanced after phosphorylation by specific protein kinase
Kinase signal transduction is involved in many of cancer hallmarks such as stimulating cell proliferation, survival, and tumor induced angiogenesis, which is critical for supplying oxygen, nutrients, and paths of metastasis of tumor tissues[3,4]
Tumor-induced angiogenesis can be stimulated by many pro-angiogenesis growth factors, such as angiopoietin-2, epidermal growth factors (EGFs), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs)[5]
Summary
The activity of proteins or enzymes can be enhanced after phosphorylation by specific protein kinase. Kinase signal transduction is involved in many of cancer hallmarks such as stimulating cell proliferation, survival, and tumor induced angiogenesis, which is critical for supplying oxygen, nutrients, and paths of metastasis of tumor tissues[3,4]. VEGFs, PDGFs, and their receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play key roles in tumor angiogenesis signal transduction[6]. Most small molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) can inhibit cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting RTKs of VEGFs and PDGFs, can block the downstream signal pathways, such as proliferation, migration, and enhance cell survival of endothelial cells, fibroblast, and vascular smooth muscle cells (Figure 1)[7,8,9,10]. Pyrrole indolin-2-one 1 is known to be a critical structures in some inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). J Cancer Treatment Diagn. (2018);2(5):[24,25,26,27,28,29]
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