Pyrometric imaging of soot processes in a pilot ignited direct injected natural gas engine

Abstract

This work assesses the soot formation and oxidation processes in a high-pressure direct injection natural gas engine using simultaneous high-speed two-colour pyrometry and OH* chemiluminescence imaging. A parametric investigation considers the effects of fuel injection pressure, injection duration and relative pilot and natural gas injection timings. A typical combustion event consists of natural gas being ignited by diesel pilot combustion products, followed by partially premixed combustion of natural gas near the piston bowl wall. Soot is formed as natural gas is injected into this reaction zone. A toroidal soot cloud forms and grows towards the centre of the piston bowl. For the range of operating conditions tested, the peak apparent heat release rate and the onset of detectable soot were correlated, as were the timing of the peak soot fraction and end of natural gas injection. The latter indicates that the soot formation and transition to a net oxidation process are strongly influenced by the injection process, similar to diesel engines. Changes in the relative timing of the diesel pilot and natural gas injections influenced natural gas premixing times, with increased premixing leading to a higher peak apparent heat release rate and lower peak soot fraction. The injection pressure affected the peak soot fraction though enhanced oxidation was expected to ultimately reduce the engine-out soot for higher injection pressures. Based on this parametric investigation, an existing conceptual model of pilot ignited direct injected natural gas combustion is extended to also describe the soot formation and oxidation processes.