Abstract
Abstract Fluidized bed pyrolysis (FBP) is a promising technique for disposal of textile dyeing sludge (DS) owing to its unique characteristics, economic and environmental benefits. However, only a limited number of relevant studies have been found. This work investigated pyrolysis characteristics of DS in a fluidized bed at different operation conditions. The results showed the non-condensable gas yield increased and FBP char (FC) yield gradually decreased with increasing temperature. The maximum oil yield (i.e. 3.52 wt%) was achieved at 650 °C. Higher temperatures promoted release of heavy metals and FCs retained heavy metals with residue ratios (RRs) ranging from 64 to 89 wt% at 450–850 °C. CaO, kaolin and Ca-bentonite contributed to enrichment of Pb, Zn, Ni and Cr in FCs at various degrees. Ca-bentonite achieved the highest RRs of 98.08% for Ni, 97.96% for Zn and 96.08% for Pb. K3NiO2, ZnAl2O4, ZnS, PbSiO3 and Pb3SO6 were detected in FCs, while only ZnAl2O4 was found in DS. The extraction results by BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) four-step methods displayed that higher temperature (e.g. 650 °C) and addition of catalysts (e.g. Ca-bentonite) converted heavy metals (e.g. Cr and Ni) from oxidizable fraction to residual fraction, thus realizing less environmental toxicity. All heavy metals contents in FCs conformed to national standard.
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