Abstract
Three types of cross-linked porous organic polymers (either oxygen-, nitrogen-, or sulfur-doped) were carbonized under a chlorine atmosphere to obtain chars in the form of microporous heteroatom-doped carbons. The studied organic polymers constitute thermosetting resins obtained via sol-gel polycondensation of resorcinol and five-membered heterocyclic aldehydes (either furan, pyrrole, or thiophene). Carbonization under highly oxidative chlorine (concentrated and diluted Cl2 atmosphere) was compared with pyrolysis under an inert helium atmosphere. All pyrolyzed samples were additionally annealed under NH3. The influence of pyrolysis and additional annealing conditions on the carbon materials’ porosity and chemical composition was elucidated.
Highlights
Carbonaceous materials have remained at the frontier of advanced purification/separation process technologies, renewable energy management, and catalysis
The undertaken research had two well-focused aims: (1) to study the influence of carbonization under chlorine on the porosity and elemental composition of porous carbonaceous materials derived from heteroatom-containing synthetic polymers and (2) to elucidate how pyrolysis under oxidative Cl2 compares with pyrolysis under an inert gas
Carbonization under Cl2 produces carbons of higher specific surface area values and more enhanced microporosity compared with pyrolysis in inert conditions
Summary
Carbonaceous materials have remained at the frontier of advanced purification/separation process technologies, renewable energy management, and catalysis. This is true for advanced carbon types (e.g., graphene or nanotubes) and for traditional forms, such as activated carbons, graphite, and carbon blacks [1,2,3,4]. Even an individual class of carbon materials, such as microporous carbons (which are especially interesting for purification, energy storage, and catalysis), constitutes an extremely varied group of materials. For this reason, new and reproducible synthesis methods for advanced porous carbons are under scrutiny [10,11]. Pyrolytic decomposition of organic matter and further high-temperature annealing remains the method of choice to produce functional carbon-based materials
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