Pyrolysis of black cumin seed: Significance of catalyst and temperature product yields and chromatographic characterization

Abstract

In this study, black cumin seed cake was transformed into liquid and solid products via pyrolysis method at 300, 400 and 500 °C with Ca(OH)2, Al2O3, SnCl4.5H2O catalysts and without catalyst. The obtained liquid and solid products were examined with GC-MS, Elemental, FT-IR, 1H NMR and SEM analysis methods. The highest liquid product yield was obtained as 30% in the presence of Al2O3 catalyst. All catalysts were found to be effective on conversion. According to the results of the elemental analysis of the liquid products obtained at the end of the experiments, HHV values were found between 32.44 and 36.19 Mj/kg. According to the results of GC-MS analysis of the liquid products, in total, 77, 61 and 66 pieces of compounds consist of monoaromatics, aliphatics, oxygenated compounds with different properties were obtained at 300, 400 and 500 °C reaction temperatures respectively. The results of the FT-IR and 1H NMR that are used to examine the liquid products support the results of GC-MS.