Pyranose sulfamates: conformation and hydrogen bonding

Abstract

The crystal structure of a new anticonvulsant drug, topiramate — 2,3:4,5-bis- O-(1-methylethylidene)- β-D-fructopyranose sulfamate ( 1), together with those of three similar but biologically almost inactive sugar sulfamates: 4,5- O-cyclohexylidene-2,3- O-(1-methyl-ethylidene)- β-D-fructopyranose sulfamate ( 2), 2,3:- O-(1-methylethylidene)- β-D-fructo-pyranose sulfamate ( 3), and 1,2:3,4-bis- O-(1-methylethylidene)- α-D-galactopyranose sulfamate ( 4), have been determined by X-rays. The pyranose rings adopt distorted twist-boat 2S O conformations as a result of flattening of the chair conformation, observed in free pyranoses, by the fused five-membered ring(s). In 3 an unfavourable gauche-trans conformation about C1–C2 bond is observed. The active compound, topiramate ( 1), shows, in comparison with the other three compounds, a different disposition of nitrogen and oxygen atoms from the sulfamate group with respect to the O1–S1 bond. As a result, the nitrogen atom in 1 is ca. 1 Å farther from the O6 pyranose ring oxygen atom than in the other three compounds. This difference describes the mutual disposition of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the molecule, and can be related to the difference in biological activity. In all compounds, hydrogen bonds connect molecules into three-dimensional networks; simple chains and more complicated rings are found and described using the graph set notation.