Abstract
Pyloric stenosis, or hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, is an acquired condition involving the thickening of the circumferential muscle of the pyloric sphincter, which results in elongation and obliteration of the pyloric channel. A near-complete gastric outlet obstruction is produced with secondary dilation, hypertrophy, and hyperperistalsis of the stomach. The observed thickening of the smooth muscle is a result of hypertrophy, not hyperplasia. Pyloric stenosis is the most common cause of gastric outlet obstruction in children and is one of the most frequent conditions requiring operation in the newborn.
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