PVT1 Promotes Cancer Progression via MicroRNAs

Wenxi Wang,Wenjia Su,Yuwei Wu,Wei Xiong,Yicong Liu,Ruoyu Zhou,Zhaoyang Zeng

doi:10.3389/fonc.2019.00609

Abstract

Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) plays a regulatory role in a variety of cellular activities. And long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is one of the important kinds of ncRNA. Previous studies have shown that various lncRNAs are involved in the progression of cancer. LncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is a newly discovered oncogenic factor that has been confirmed to be overexpressed in many cancer cells. Moreover, the role of PVT1 in cancer development is closely linked to microRNAs (miRNAs). PVT1 can act as a “sponge” for miRNAs to inhibit their activities, thereby affecting proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis of cancer. In addition, PVT1 itself can be spliced and processed into several miRNAs such as miR-1204 and miR-1207, which can also regulate the development of cancer. This review summarizes various pathways through which PVT1 regulates the progression of cancer via miRNAs. We also propose additional regulatory mechanisms of PVT1 and their potential clinical applications.

Highlights

Cancer is a non-communicable disease which threatens human health, with a global death toll ranking second only to cardiovascular disease [1]
We propose a regulatory network that centered on plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1), analyze the feasibility of using PVT1 as a tumor molecular marker and discuss its potential clinical applications
PVT1 acts as a sponge for miR-126 and increases the expression of energy metabolismrelated enzyme SLC7A5 in mitochondria, which is another important mechanism through which PVT1 enhances energy metabolism and promotes tumor cell proliferation [30]

Summary

Introduction

Cancer is a non-communicable disease which threatens human health, with a global death toll ranking second only to cardiovascular disease [1]. PVT1 can counteract the inhibitive expression of gremlin 1 (GREM1) through sponging miR-128, thereby affecting the downstream proteins BMP2 and BMP4-mediated signaling pathway, maintaining the proliferative activity of tumor cells [21]. PVT1/miR-190a-5p/miR-488-3p/MEF2C/JAGGED1 pathways were shown to be involved in the promotion of tumor cell proliferation.

Results

Conclusion