Abstract
Recently, the lift off point for the sales of electric vehicle (EV) was started with a significant increase. Therefore, convenient access to charging station infrastructure is required. The purpose of this work is to assess the role and benefits of photovoltaic (PV) for PV-powered charging infrastructures for EVs by a better energy management. This management is performed by a microgrid based on PV panels installed on roofs or car parking shades, EVs charging terminals, electrochemical stationary storage, and public grid connection. The aim is to define the economic aspects, feasibility and preliminary requirements for this system, in order to avoid overloading the power grid and guarantee a higher percentage of clean energy. The proposed methodology is presented through the modeling and development of a techno-economic tool for local stakeholders, allowing to manage and size EV charging stations, which is divided into three phases. The first phase informs local stakeholders on the necessary space and the maximum sizing as well as the generated cost to install a PV-powered charging station (PVCS). During the second phase, the total cost of the PVCS is adjusted according to the users’ budgets and needs. The third phase presents a detailed qualitative analysis of the user-defined configuration. In this phase, the main objective is to assess the performance of the PVCS, and then, to improve its sizing and its operating modes aiming at increasing the use of PV energy, while minimizing energy supplied by the power grid. In addition, it allows evaluating the PVCS performance by proposing an energy balance according to different charging scenarios (virtuous scenario, critical scenario, realistic scenario, and personalized scenario) and weather conditions. Moreover, this tool is reproducible in peri-urban area since it is able to handle any location.
Highlights
24% of total energy consumption is due to the “transport”, and a significant part of this need is satisfied by the fossil fuel production in 2018 [1]
In order to resolve the above issues, this paper focuses on PV benefits assessment for PVCS, and it presents a methodology based on a model giving an economic and technical comparison under different conditions of load and weather conditions, helping the sizing, planning and management of such systems
This study aims to improve the management of energy within the growth of PV benefits, to which contributes the development of a technical-economic tool intended for the local stakeholders, giving them the main characteristics necessary for the installation of a PVCS
Summary
24% of total energy consumption is due to the “transport”, and a significant part of this need is satisfied by the fossil fuel production in 2018 [1]. An identification of the preliminary requirements and feasibility conditions for PVCS aiming to increase the use of PV energy for recharging EVs while minimizing the energy absorbed from the power grid is presented in [17]. (3) A qualitative analysis of PVCS under three types of solar irradiations, two charging profiles and three predefined scenarios and personalized scenario of occupancy rates (OR) of electric charging terminals This infrastructure is based on PV panels installed on roofs of houses/buildings or car parking shades, EV charging terminals, electrochemical stationary storage, power electronics, and public grid connection. In phase 3, the PVCS performance is evaluated by an energy balance obtained by operating mode simulation This tool gives the possibility to personalize the charging profile of EVs highlighting the contribution of the energy provided by the PV panels for recharging. This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 gives an overview of the methodology used in the tool’s three phases development, and Section 3 draws the main conclusions and perspectives
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