Abstract
In January 2016, after two years of international negotiations, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) came into effect. The SDGs are the successors to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and represent an ambitious but potentially flawed agenda for sustainable development through to 2030. This review assesses the legacy of the MDGs, the development of the SDGs, and the international framework to put the SDGs into practice. We propose dividing the framework for SDG delivery into three key areas: implementing the goals and the SDG agenda (Implementation); monitoring, evaluation, and review (Monitoring); and increasing and improving global finance flows for sustainable development (Finance). This review identifies the challenges faced by the international community for making the SDGs an effective platform for equitable and sustainable development across these three areas. Proposed approaches and solutions are discussed and further research is suggested. This review concludes that further critical attention to the “Implementation”, “Monitoring”, and “Finance” framework is vital to ensure accountability and transparency from an ever‐growing number of state and non‐state development actors. This review also seeks to further the potential for greater links between development theory, development geography, and development actors and institutions to improve development under the SDGs and increase engagement from geography on the SDGs. This framework points towards a basis for critical engagement on the sustainability, equality, and quality of development, while challenging the primacy of economic growth‐based paradigms in SDG implementation.
Highlights
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were launched at the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in September 2015 (UN, 2015f) and came into effect on 1 January 2016
This review focuses on three important elements of the practice of the SDGs at the global level: defining the global “means” for implementing the SDG agenda (Implementation), monitoring, evaluation and review (Monitoring), and boosting global finance flows under the SDGs (Finance)
This review explores the boundaries between these two concepts, to contribute to the basis of future development scholarship and a shared understanding of how to potentially make the SDGs more effective while understanding that development is never a neutral term
Summary
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were launched at the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in September 2015 (UN, 2015f) and came into effect on 1 January 2016. This review explores the boundaries between these two concepts, to contribute to the basis of future development scholarship and a shared understanding of how to potentially make the SDGs more effective while understanding that development is never a neutral term This approach broadly relates to “critical pragmatism”; we strive for open-ended and flexible inquiry aimed at achieving greater understanding of current practices and policies, rather than final consensus about aims (Kadlec, 2006). Frequently discussed for deliberative democracy (Forester, 2012; Kadlec, 2008), we argue that a critical pragmatic approach for the SDGs could bridge the gap between development as theory and development as practice to contribute to furthering local, national and global progress by 2030
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