Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants must be able to sense their surroundings and adjust. One way plants do this is by using their energy-producing organelles (chloroplasts and mitochondria). During environmental stress, these organelles experience metabolic changes that induce signals for acclimation. While many metabolites have been proposed as signaling factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to play prominent roles. In the chloroplast, the ROS singlet oxygen (1O2) is naturally produced during impaired photosynthesis and can lead to retrograde signaling to the nucleus (to control the expression of hundreds of genes), chloroplast degradation, and cell death.
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