Abstract
Abstract The contention in this essay is that these propositions are true, and that, as a result, scholars of the past have, since Lyell and Darwin, and the victory of uniformity over catastrophism, laboured under the false doc¬ trine that sudden, catastrophic, environmental change does not happen on any large scale. This is well exemplified in the belief that widespread collapses of civilization, such as that which overtook the Mycenaean world in or around the twelfth century BC, were due principally to human agency. The development of better swords (Drews 1993) is more acceptable as a vector for the wholesale destruction of cities than the catastrophic environmental effects of altered wind patterns, or massive tectonic effects, quite possibly involving volcanism, or even visitations by debris from space.
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