Abstract
AbstractPutrescine (Put), gibberellic acid (GA3), and salicylic acid (SA) are involved in improving fruit growth and development. This is the first study investigating the effect of 1 mM Put, 100 mg L-1 GA3, and 100 mg L-1 SA on Phoenix dactylifera, cv. Zaghloul fruits. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design during two successive seasons and five treatments [control (distilled water spray), Put, Put + GA3, Put + SA, and Put + GA3 + SA] were sprayed at the Hababouk (cell division) stage and Kimri [unripe green (cell elongation)] stage. Our results showed that all treatments significantly improved the yield and quality of ‘Zaghloul’ fruit by increasing the dry matter, crude fiber, ash, total soluble solids, (reducing, non-reducing, and total soluble) sugars, carbohydrate, protein, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, zinc, iron, and manganese content as well as the peroxidase and catalase activity. Compared with the control treatment, exogenous applications also enhanced the amino acid (glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, arginine, cysteine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine) acquisition and phytohormone (indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinins, GA3, SA) content, while decreasing the percentage of moisture, total acidity, total phenols, and tannins. The novel evidence indicates that among all treatments, application of diamine (Put), in combination with phytohormones (GA3 and SA), has the greatest effect on improving ‘Zaghloul’ fruit yield by up-regulating the nutrient acquisition, sugar accumulation, amino acid profile, antioxidant response, and phytohormone performance. These findings support the use of Put in conjunction with GA3 and SA to improve fruit yield and quality.
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