Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of calcium-silicate-based sealer (Endosequence-BC-Sealer) in roots, filled with thermo-plasticized injectable technique aided by Calamus-Flow-Delivery-System, on bond strength to radicular dentin, in comparison with conventional epoxy-resin-based sealer (AH-Plus) along with cold-lateral-compaction technique. Root canals of mandibular-premolar teeth (n = 80) were instrumented using Protaper Universal rotary files and were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 20) as follows: (1) AH-Plus + cold-lateral-compaction technique; (2) Endosequence-BC-Sealer + cold-lateral-compaction technique; (3) AH-Plus + thermo-plasticized injectable technique; and (4) Endosequence-BC-Sealer + thermo-plasticized injectable technique. Horizontal disc shaped samples from each group (n = 60/group) were obtained and push-out bond strength testing was performed at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed statistically using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis analysis and Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.001). The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference amongst the groups (p < 0.001). The highest bond strength values were found in group 1 compared with all the other experimental groups (p < 0.001), whereas the lowest bond strength values were found in group 4 (p < 0.001). It was concluded that thermo-plasticized injectable technique with Calamus-Flow-Delivery-System lowered the bond strengths of the sealers, especially Endosequence-BC-Sealer. Therefore, this technique is not recommended to calcium-silicate-based sealers. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study.
Highlights
For a hermetic seal, sealers are required to adhere to both the radicular dentin and the core filling [1], while avoiding disruption of the root canal system for a long term and resisting dislocation during tooth flexure and operative procedures [2]
The highest bond strength values were found in group 1 compared with all the other experimental groups (p < 0.001), whereas the lowest bond strength values were found in group 4 (p < 0.001)
This study aimed at evaluating and comparing the push-out bond strengths of root canals obturated with Endosequence BC Sealer, along with the thermo-plasticized injectable technique, while comparing it against AH Plus, and cold lateral compaction technique
Summary
Sealers are required to adhere to both the radicular dentin and the core filling [1], while avoiding disruption of the root canal system for a long term and resisting dislocation during tooth flexure and operative procedures [2]. Many different types of sealers are available on the market, based; zinc oxide, calcium hydroxide, glass ionomer, epoxy resin, silicone and methacrylate [4]. AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany) is an epoxy-resin based sealer and like others of its type has been commonly used for many years owing to its adequate radiopacity, flow, dimensional stability, low solubility and low Materials 2018, 11, 1620; doi:10.3390/ma11091620 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials. It has shown higher bond strength to dentin than zinc oxide, calcium hydroxide and glass-ionomer sealers [3,6]
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